Media-Politics Relationship
June 18, 2009 by admin
Category Media Seminars , Media and Politics
What is Media? "In Turkish language media," he said, the concept, in English, "medium" is the plural of the word "media" comes from the "tools" or "brokers" have the meaning. Turkish media to meet the word "mass media" of the use. With the media, newspapers, magazines, television, radio, film, advertising, communication tool, we mean as diverse as video games and CDs. Some of these newspapers, magazines, film, radio and television, "traditional media" is called. Some, such as digital television and the Internet in the "new media" is defined as. The media to highlight the meaning of today's mass media, or our age "communication age", or, for example, "internet age" is called a.
What is Politics? According to the definition Eroğul'un Cem, politics, "except for the production, but the maintenance and improvement of production processes is the sum of which is required for the execution of the social scale." Political Affairs, in coordination with the whole society requires retention. Devoted to classrooms, in terms of the fundamental interests of divided societies, this coordination be achieved without pressure. Conflict of interests in an environment, managers can relay case may be, but by compulsion. However, each time governed numerically less than managers. For this reason, the consent of the governed, as well as the advantages of pushing the need to continue. BC Since approximately 3500 years of political work is carried out by the state. State, political affairs is loaded, and the community support to carry out this work and who are equipped with tools that will keep pressure on both the agency community. We give the name of the political system of the state network of community relationships formed. There are other political parties in the state of this system, there are pressure groups, voters have, in short all the people and organizations who have the political business. Judgment of the state itself, the legislature, the executive organ, composed of security organizations. Therefore, organizations engaged in political affairs very much.
The manufacturing process, in other words, less economic process is relatively complex. The dominant classes and classes in the production process have connected, have the owners of capital owners and labor. Here, providers of superior class in society, the advantages are provided. Sets the course of all of the ideas of the ruling classes in political life. His interests of society as a whole seems to çıkarınaymış. For example, the free market, the ever-increasing incentives for capital investment, the tax burden in favor of capital is shown as the continuous changes in the interest of the entire society and nation. These are the unemployed find jobs gerçekleştirildikçe, whistles will have better living conditions, social welfare will increase, more will get developed countries, such as the nation comes out upwards from the place of the world's nations. Capital to be noted here that breakthroughs that make up a minority of society, movements, skills, appearance ettiriyormuşçasına whole society moves forward emerges. Creative labor, the idle labor and production do not appear to do big things are put together and transferred. However, laborers made up the majority of society can stand for a moment her whole life dursa. Exchanges, factories, production shall be made; transportation be provided and the energy produced, food, health and education services given. So, the main social force that created the capital and in the meantime önemsizleşirken capital, on top of his back emphatically from the capital of the society seems to be an absolute power. Kılındığı invisible labor, capital, fell upon the life of the narrative is always in the forefront of the media, namely television channels, newspapers, radio stations have an important role in the mass media in reaching the audience.
Community, maintain and improve the state of production and capital within the existing class hierarchy, tying together the deep bonds. But a small minority of society is both state and capital. As mentioned above, both in the field of manufacturing and political pressures in the minority majorities unable only. Alone, court decisions, laws, regulations, soldiers, police, guard supervision of small masses, large masses shall not be subject. For this reason, the intellectual background to the current situation of the majority, the general trend should be pleased. Provided the intellectual field of social consent. The majority of the community is satisfied, the ideas become the ideas of the ruling class.
The media plays a crucial role in providing social consent. We need to explain this role to the concept of ideology. The concept of ideology has a long history and quite an interesting adventure. The origin of the concept, the 18th century. Enlightenment had produced a climate of cultural and philosophical concepts, the first form, where the human mind to prevent progress in the face of superstition and prejudice people against the science meant to them to think correctly. This is the background of the meaning of the human mind be controlled, so that the correct düşündürülebileceği, it was assumed that the basis for development of social progress. The first was opposed to this assumption, the philosopher Karl Marx. According to Marx, man kavrayamayışı social contradictions and social conflicts in a way the human mind turned upside down, arrest, not caused by mental incompetence. This is the chief source of shit to show off her form of social reality. Exploitation of production in capitalist production maskeliyordu kertesi appearance. Sight as well as individuals working as well as equal and free hand sıkışıyorlardı financier. However, the apparent equality and freedom entered the location of the production process of inequality, exploitation, and slavery was. After Marx, thinkers who followed him, or affected by it in different ways and re-defined the concept of ideology. If you ask me, and that provision of social consent to our understanding of the role of media in a convenient person to recognize the concept of ideology, was the Italian thinker Antonio Gramsci. For Gramsci, ideology, art, law, economic efficiency and collective life as a whole in the world view implicit belirlenimlerinde. Ideologies in terms of Gramsci, as an idea more concrete system provides directions for attitudes and actions inspire. Hence, in ideology and the ideology of a class hegemony over the other through the class provides.
Ideology, hegemony, Gramsci's thought, the provision of the ruling class, continuation and stopping a reproduction of the basic functions. Because the classes are only managing a judge directing hegemony, but also bring it into operation. Hegemony, for his management of a power applied to all the practical strategies to gain the approval of people under the domination of space. Hegemony to build a social life, their world view of a class structure of society through the structure of society as a whole, and thus their interest in spreading largely by synchronizing with the moral interests of society, is to establish the political and intellectual leadership. Educational, as well as cultural and religious organizations, the media, is one of the major tools of hegemony. Construction of public consent, the basic role of ideology, hegemony and the establishment of their own accord, does not. This makes the job of intellectuals. According to Gramsci, intellectuals play a role in varying degrees of ideological hegemony facility. In view of the world thinks of the ruling classes, producing and emitting it again the importance of the contribution of media professionals hegemonyadaki undeniable ideological. Who thinks the world of media professionals in the capital, effectively participate in social life and society in the best possible current world, the ideal and strive ceaselessly to convince the opinion that the normal world.
Main stream media, or the major media, defends the ideas of the ruling class. The reason for this lies in the structure of media ownership. Require large capital to have a large media outlets. A person with a large amount of capital when the owner of the big media domination of the capitalist class in their own media against a member, SoYLeTMeZ things. The journalists working for him, televizyonculara, the producers do not give instructions. Every journalist, producer, TV personality, or he knows his limits.
There is one thing to be considered here. Big media, the media does not require a uniform rule of capital. Focal points in each of the broadcast program may be different from media outlets such as commenting on the same topic, there may be differences in the evaluation. Generally in line with the dominant class, but these differences are not radical differences, internal discussion or nuance. Who wish to appeal this general direction radically, depending on states of the classes, the very difficult job çilelerini media outlets who want to demonstrate. The poor classes will focus on the media to create their own worlds will not find the necessary capital. They can find in the big media can not create capital. Great intellectuals, journalists and small media creations employ skilled.
Based on this general framework, a world apart from other countries and do a quick overview of Turkey. Whereas today's statement by Turkey to enjoy Poverty-ü-ü Sefa is a table that has a deep paradox in a dramatic way. Personal or individual dramas aside, the actual number of unemployed people in modern day Turkey is around 15 million. One of every three university graduates are unemployed. The minimum wage is less than one-third of the poverty line. Millions of people live below the hunger threshold. The necessary safety precautions are not taken Istanbul to Tuzla, in the first six months of 2008, every fifteen days, a worker lost his life. However, because of poverty, even death in thousands of workers at the shipyard are ready to enter the queue for work. However, the text says, such as Uca, the bells at a cost of accidents at work are not genuine, the models "work accidents" are the news media. Despite this profound social contradictions of life conflict, the persistence of large masses isyansız settle their fate equilibration, it is possible to şükrettirilebilmesiyle states. There is a considerable role in this media. All of the news media can be objective and can be done in accordance with the principles of basic journalism. In contrast, the lens is held in the subjective. Lenses, all underground and surface resources, manpower and capabilities, even at night, is activated in a single citizen of Turkey possibilities and conditions of an open yatmayacağı, contradictory and distorted the statement of Turkey çevrilmemekte existing table does not appear reasonable life brought to life and shows going on.
Now let's tackle the relationship between media and political parties.
The government in Turkey is a candidate, political parties (except for the exceptions), to power, preparing to make four visits of the period. The United States, European Union centers, TÜSİAD and the media. During these visits, what it does, how the system will open clogged channels of capital for the development of what they can do more to tell. I tell the media channels. Here is a good idea to draw attention to a paradox: the political parties in general, undertake domestic and international capital, the promise ring. Because the capital on behalf of political parties see political affairs. However, majority of the community to come to power, that are in need of laborers to the game.
Generally in line with the ruling classes, political parties wishing to make some modifications, to control the media, or to achieve their goals in the final analysis have to create their own media.
We have seen instances of this recently in Turkey. The AK Party government has created their own media in their own power by using the possibilities of being. Already the media to support the strengthened itself. Behind this was that the secular and Western-oriented Turkey's capital, spokesman for the main stream media generally makes sense. The media, as long as the secular and Western-oriented AK Party conflict with capital, supported the general doğrultusuyla. In contrast, the overall directionality of the AK Party in this conflict, there was always likely to give him some basic revisions. Yaşanacaksa If such a conflict, the party concerned to strengthen itself in every field. Madden strengthen the capital groups support him. Non-governmental organizations, trade unions of workers and civil servants yaratmalıydı followers support him. Floor of the State should have control of some critical positions. And pass in front of a big political event of a change of direction kurmalıydı their own media to cope with the media. The ruling party has made all these things step by step. Because of its predecessor, the parties had the experience. The process of closure of the Welfare and Virtue parties, civil society organizations, labor and capital, and major media organizations as a block against the government had taken place. Yalnızlaşmıştı Thus, the ruling party. The AK Party, it was a negative experience. Now serious criticism directed towards him, the AK Party in favor of the workers 'and employers' organizations who have a press conference, the masses of non-governmental organizations that may have referred to the street; criticism will give the answers will bring millions of TV channels, radio stations, newspapers and magazines, there.
Here one can draw inference as follows: Political parties come to power and the struggle to remain in power can not only dayanağıyla voters. Media support is also required. To control the media or to create their own media, due to reasons mentioned above for the formation of the political classes is very difficult.
That is to say, the media have an important role of political powers in the formation and kalıcılaşmasında. But this role is always an illusion to think that would be decisive in determining either. A Turkish words, we try to say, the media, can not create hubbeden dome. In this regard I want to give two examples, one relatively distant past, the other in the recent past. Korkmaz Allen, Adnan Menderes, 1950 general elections, the CHP kullandırtmadığını their radio for propaganda purposes, after coming to power in 1954, reminds us that they knew of the CHP and both the selection of this opportunity, won his party said, "My what? What happened to you use? "Said transfers. These words of Adnan Menderes, the media or means of communication in terms of showing that the maxim unlimited potency. Let us come to the example I want to give the recent past. In recent years, the gap consisted of a leader in the Turkish right. Current leaders are quite worn. Mehmet Ali Bayar, who served in the U.S. At that time, a diplomatic, as the new leader of the right tumbling media power is presented to the public. Despite this, Bayar, the right is far from being an effective leader was not even a politician.
I think, in this context need to jump in an instance of Cem Uzan. To be remembered for Cem Uzan, Turkey's political leaders engaged in a short time was one of the largest output. Party was one of the parties as soon as possible that the largest output. Cem Uzan to being one of the largest media owners in this effect was too large to be called decisive. Young Party and the rise of Cem Uzan, as you know, stopped taking his media and capital.
He would like to make a wrap-up: the media the "fourth force" is said to be. According to this discourse, the media, the legislative, executive and judiciary constantly checks on behalf of society, criticize or praise depending on the situation. This is the case in theory and looks very good. However, separated classes, class contradictions of the society of the media on behalf of communities living in deeply controller, observer, and can not be expected to be critical. Media on behalf of that class which class you have the controller, observer, and can be critical.
Talking about the relationship between media and politics, today's magic is the concept of "globalization" impossible to skirt the issue. Here our focus to two points: First, the globalization of media, their own, and secondly dissemination of the ideology of globalization, the role of the media on a global scale.
Major changes in the so-called globalization process occurred with the media industry is stark. Combination of mass media on the one hand, to be delivered to an increasingly global market, it also displays the national markets. The media industry is not allocated to different sectors as before. In other words, press, cinema, television, radio, publishing is no longer independent and separate hands, does not show activity. The compound is collected in coordination and in the same hands. Oldest media companies operating in the domestic market, such as the nation-state governments are not reporting in accordance with legal regulations. Anthony Giddens, says that in this effect of some factors: First, a small number of global media collection, but more and more powerful hands. Second, the media, public ownership of private property to live a belt speed. Third, cross-border investment in media ownership rules and to be relaxed to enable the company to buy. Fourth, the giant media companies to create and distribute media content, including written and visual material. The fifth trend is to merge with each other to show companies from different parts of the media industry.
They have two principal result. First results of the media on a global scale "super company" s emergence. Second conclusion: most of these companies in the USA, the collection of Western developed countries. Created by these results is evident on a global scale. This result, which direction the world capitalist system, it will affect non-stop way to reproduce and spread throughout the entire world of ideas, attitudes VALVETRONIC concept of BMW, everyday life practices, naturalized, kabullendirilmesidir. All of life shown to us within the framework of the ideology of globalization, mass media, real contradictions, sufferings and the suffering, not life itself, as well as continuing to go about the world we live in, and thus determine the world we live in a media-life. To illustrate that the media occupies an important place in everyday life, how I want to transfer the results of an investigation. According to a study conducted in England, young people spend 99 percent of the day, two and a half hours at the beginning of television. 88 percent of two or three days a week watching two hours of video. 19 percent to 36 percent of the internet and using the same amount of time spend at the computer. Interpreted as the end of history, an ideology than liberalism, not possible, locate and find the best system mankind is the system for processing of Media in the political discourse of billions of people willing to deny who he saw as an important political function?
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Information: Gazi University Faculty of Communication Asst. Assoc. Dr. Jennifer on May 17, 2008 USS Enterprise from the "media and politics in a seminar on".
