The EU and Turkey relations
June 6, 2009 by admin
Category EU , Foreign Policy , Seminars
Kamuran Reçber
Adopted by the EU's 2003 Progress Report for Turkey to be considered as a case, if the Cyprus problem resolved, the problem is a veiled obstacle to Turkey's membership would be an arrangement for indicating there Recber, said:
"In 1993, the heads of state and government gathered before the council, there have established that the Copenhagen criteria. This political elements with the specified criteria are met by the Republic of Turkey in the negotiations for full membership by the end of 2004 was noted başlanabileceği. Of course, these are advisory, should be regarded as the political content. Here is a concrete decision ultimately must be given to the end of 2004. "
Prof. Dr. View Young in "Characteristics of the law of the European Union on" for the speech, the EU's legal personality, arguing that there is, "So the notion of a non-person can not enter a legal relationship, you can not claim responsibility," he said. The only basis for the resolution of the Cyprus problem, even with reference to the EU, the political nature of evaluation indicate that all kinds of Young, said:
"This is not the force of law. Because they do not acknowledge such a person. You can not enter a relationship with this law. So could you do with a child-trade agreement? But, the legal relations on the basis of an assessment is made, or a sense of legal relations, more or less being installed, then you have to pay attention to this term. Yes, I have before us a political phenomenon, Is Underestimated this, of course, on child. After all the heads of the EU heads of states that are members of communities. However, it is not possible to enter the EU with a legal relationship. Because at this stage, there is a legal concept, in the middle. The term to resolve the matter, a term that is extremely ambitious. Under this, this or that extent, people have believed to be built in the future the United States of Europe. There is no such political istence. This is also a reality. "
Becoming a member of the European Communities, the EU stated the need to become a member of Professor. Dr. View Young, the union in order to be in the legal process began in 1951 with a carrier and said that communities should turn to. Young, "I referred to on 1 May 2004, including Cyprus, including participation agreement with 10 state, communities were made, not with the EU. Communities will be a member, therefore his capacity as a member of the communities it will enter into the political process. This is extremely important, "he said.
Starting in 1951, explaining that the founding treaties of the Communities Professor. Dr. View Young, 6 from the state of the EU today has risen to 15, from May 1 to 25 would also figure said. Notable figure in 2007 will reach 27 Young, said:
"Now should emphasize that, Turkey is not gonna be a member? 2007, as foreseen in the agreement on accession of Bulgaria and Romania have been fixed some issues. The commission, a member of the community will be how many have been fixed. So the communities have been fixed number of members of their own organs. These figures were made by specifying the 2007. Therefore, these 12 plus 1 according to the formula, Turkey, these figures are not fixed. Let's be aware of this. The problem just will not complete agreement on Turkey's membership or participation, the numbers are fixed at the same time also depends on the change entirely. It is the unanimous and the member states' national law provided for a change in the methods onanarak enter into force. "
Date:
April 2004
Information:
Prof. Dr. View Young and Assoc. Dr. Kamuran Reçber'in "Science in the Light of Enlightenment Seminar" at the news of their explanations.
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Kemalist Thought System
Rector of Uludag University. Dr. Mustafa Yurtkuran, but that the medical doctor for over 25 years of Kemalism, Kemalism and Kemalist Thought System is doing on the investigations in this area, and almost all the books and publications written in Turkish and English, said that follow-up.
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Yurtkuran
Prof. Dr. Yurtkuran, "the Grand Onder words and actions from time to time as the political material, from time to time to increase the effectiveness of the individual or group on the basis of the distorted during use, and this used. In short, 'What is the Kemalist Thought System, what you ordered, and where they gave us free?' I want to tell it. For this, I agreed to do the seminar the first speech, "he said.
History, from time to time by researchers in understanding the different meanings of Prof. attention is loaded. Dr. Yurtkuran, "For example, the process of the Independence War of Kemalism, as Kemalism interprets the process of revolutions are historians. But a very large group of investigators, Kemalism, as Kemalism and Kemalist Thought System is the concepts of value for a whole agrees should be given as described. To me the three of them meet the same meaning. As a concept, I prefer the Kemalist Thought System, "he said.
Classical History, Not Ideology
"Kemalist Thought System, Kemalism, Ataturk, or what? These Are the ideology? Belongs to Turk? "Answering questions from Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, compared to the classical ideologies Kemalist Thought System not be observable in an ideology, he said.
Ataturk's ideology was leaving in two important ways that the classic Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, the rule of their Kemalist Thought System is the most important, he added. Before the first point, the classical idea of ideologies, and then describing the action that the Professor to come. Dr. Yurtkuran continued as follows:
"Classical ideologies often act with the idea that zikreden different individuals. But, before the action comes Sisitemi'nde Kemalist Thought. Before the war won, behind the breakthroughs were made, then the idea of this whole structure of the writing shed. Intellectual structure was created. So, according to the classical theory idelojilere motion practice, never identified himself the face of the application of Kemalism. This in my opinion, the most important rule is one of Ataturk's against the classical ideologies. Because a living system. "
Modernization is the ideal of a democratic and pragmatic
The second important point in the classical ideologies Kemalist Thought System "is a system of democratic and pragmatic" in the form of Prof. describing. Dr. Yurtkuran, "In other words, reason and science are based on observations and findings. Therefore, contrary to the classical ideologies would be adopted in advance of a change process. In other words, the classical ideologies of the time absolutely refused compliance, Kemalism, agrees. This is based on the classic ideologies, is one of the most important advantage. Kemalism, the time will make changes to a number of theories have to accept that, it also means accepting the changing realities, "he said.
Prof. Dr. Yurtkuran; Kemalist Thought System "pragmatic, democratic ideal of modernization as" defining "This is my recipe, Language, History Institution, Ataturk made this suggestion," he said.
The historian, scientist and philosopher, Prof. bringing attention to a number of definitions of Kemalism. Dr. Yurtkuran, referring to Emre Kongar'a, "Kongar says, 'Kemalism, a modern civilization, to achieve this before the yoke of civilization that is, having achieved to get rid of colonialism, and then access it for its social, political, economic, and the realization of legal formulas.' This description summarizes the whole process, the historical picture of the process. "He said.
Anti-imperialism and patriotism
On the basis of Kemalist Thought System, "but not in the principles, principles that formed the floor of the most important element to get rid of the yoke of imperialism" to Prof. striking. Dr. Yurtkuran, said:
"Kemalist Thought System's base, creates anti-imperialism and patriotism. War against the imperialist forces are given. These principles do not in. How do I reached the base of the anti-imperialist and patriotic, war, how acquired, how the principles and revolutions were created?
The process of collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the last 100-150 years in chronological order. In this period, the Ottoman intellectuals in origin and most soldiers spend their lives on battlefields, on the one hand the efforts of the Ottoman Empire entered into the system of nation-making. Young Turks movement of westernization began, the Christian elements of an imperial dream of an independent state to be established in Wherever. However, the full installation of the imagination, the British public denigration of Arabs, Albanians separatist movements begin, the Ottoman Empire, a panislamist has shown that it is impossible. In the meantime, the whole of Europe surrounding the nationalist movements that have influenced the Ottoman intellectuals and nationalism, or in other words, the movement has launched the Pan-Turkism. "
Turkism movement developed in two directions about the Professor. Dr. Mustafa Yurtkuran, "One of them is currently what we have seen more modest, more realistic, Anatolia intellectuals who imagine that the nation-state model. This group took the side of Atatürk. The other, at the moment as we have seen, imaginative, imagine the state of a number of major united Turks edenlerdi ".
Patriotism "and the development of the Republic of Turkey for the future without expecting any return, unconditional and unrestricted, and make an effort to make it as a way of life," says Prof. nu. Dr. Yurtkuran, "the Turkish nation, the national liberation war in the event that triggered the invasion of Izmir. This situation has aroused a strong reaction, even in the most remote corners of Anatolia. At the base of the anti-imperialist and patriotic ground, mandacılara, the invaders, collaborators, has enabled the establishment of the national state savaşılarak against the sultan. "He said.
Secularism
Kemalist Thought System, today in the first of 10 principles adopted and the cement of "secularism" saying that the Professor. Dr. Mustafa Yurtkuran, "of secularization has 5 main title, four Inse system crashes," he said. Prof. Dr. Yurtkuran, title 5 basic policy of secularism, "the state of religious rules and views of the management of confused, by the government to ensure freedom of religion and conscience, equal citizens, without distinction of religion and sectarian approach, according to the principles of state management and regulation of education, rational and modern, religious education in state management and interventions protection must be "formed by, he noted.
Independence
The second principle of "independence" explaining that the Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, "The basic feature of national sovereignty within the national borders based on the political, judicial, economic, cultural, and full independence. Economic full independence should be interpreted according to today's conditions. Ataturk's reforms, because the periods of the current world conditions, in particular shows significant differences in the economic sphere. One of the fundamental principles of Kemalism, is to accept the change in advance of full independence for the world economy can be evaluated again in accordance with the facts, "he said.
Sovereignty
"The third principle of national sovereignty," said Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, "the Turkish nation state is a principle of equality under the rule of law in that. Condition and without restriction of any state against the citizens of the Republic of Turkey will be equal, and every kind of law that refers to the above concept. "He said.
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Yurtkuran, "For this reason, the concept of national sovereignty, the Kemalist system, a kind of clan, class and diversity of the group rejects"
by saying that the concept of national sovereignty of the nation is an indivisible whole and that no group is not the essence of the privilege ilkeleştiğini said.
Republicanism
Republicanism the principle of national will and the free election occurred, the nation's representatives to envisage elections Yurtkuran records, "the principle of republican, secular, democratic, social state of law and the formative principle of the Republic of Turkey, which is indivisible whole. Can not speculate too much on, "he said.
Nationalism / Nationalism
In particular, a policy that everyone who uses a lot of nationalism, nationalism, emphasizing Yurtkuran be defined as, "The Kemalist principle of nationalism or nationalism Kemalist Thought System, the Turkish nation language, culture, history and modernization occurred accepts the ideal of citizens bound together by unity. In the main factor, the unity of language. Pulls your attention, here, not the concept of race. Ataturk's nationalism, racism fundamentally rejects. Racism is not based on the well-known nationalist, perhaps within a single integrative one. Ataturk knew very well the structure of Anatolia, the Turks happy yüzden'ne what is' rather, 'How happy Turk who says' he said, "he said.
Populism
Populism is the principle of Kemalist Thought System, the nation's members, regardless of the separation of the country to accept that as a son of the noted essence Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran said: "'I am a citizen of the Republic of Turkey who says,' Everyone in this country, son of the self. Turkishness, where the upper identity. The rights and freedoms of individuals to the principle of populism, is assured by the state. All citizens, provides equality of opportunity. Education, health, military service acts as equal citizens in every area. "
Statism
Prof. Dr. Yurtkuran, the principle of statism, most of the principles pointed out that the perceived wrong; this principle in the work of all kinds of commercial and economic function of the state who said that none of the interest.
Discovering the welfare state in Western Europe 20 years ago, the concept of the Kemalist Thought System's welfare state, had demonstrated that the principle of statism explains Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, Ataturk Devletçiliği'nin whether socialist or communist regimes of state control and the interest of understanding and said that Turkey's route Izmir Economy Congress was drawn.
Prof. Dr. Yurtkuran, two conditions for the entry into the state economy and the industry pointed out that, "One of them, necessity, and the other strategic. Internal and external security, education, health, justice, social security is mainly the state. Be based on social security of the state to say, the definition of the social state model, "saying, established in Bursa Merino wool factory in the early years of the Republic, and gave the example of other industrial facilities.
Reformism
Eight basic principles of "reformism" in too many speculate that there has been a notable Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, "In fact, the revolution forever in accordance with the principle of regeneration, and verifies the basic directions of scientific development. In other words, every subject under the principles of scientific renewal and development of the Republic of Turkey "as described.
Prof. Dr. Yurtkuran, should not be mixed together in a team focused on the principle of reformism by Ataturk's revolutionary rhetoric.
Peacefulness
Kemalist Thought System, "Peace, peace in the world," he identified with the policy of pacifism based on the principle of deterrence for Turkey's security and peace prevail indicating that the Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, "the principle of pacifism, which aims at Turkey's security, a peace policy of non alehinde any nation, Ataturk's basic policy. Agrees to ensure the deterrence based on pacifism. In other words, there is a realistic sense of peacefulness. To be a deterrent, will prevail. Both the economic and the minimum, as well as the internal integrity of a country from outside the antenna power to stop dangerous means. Ataturk, Turkey, describing a peaceful always made reference to. The army is the main pillar of peace, the army was sending power, "he said.
Rationalism and scientism
With the principle of rationalism and scientism, something will just say that much about Professor. Dr. Yurtkuran, a discourse by reading the words of Ataturk ended:
"We are not inspired by heavens, or divine, have taken directly from life. Live in, which draws our path, we emerged from the Turkish nation and history of nations, the conclusions extracted from the pages of thousands of disasters and anguish. "
Date:
February 18, 2004
Information:
Uludag University Rector of the period. Dr. Mustafa Yurtkuran'ın "Science in the Light of Enlightenment Seminar" at the news of his speech.
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Populism and statism
Prof. Dr. Erol İyibozkurt
"Because the constitution is the first in the Republic of Turkey has defined the social state. Second, the rise in the quality of democracy, the development of the content of the concept of populism has changed. The importance of populism with democracy increased. Third, the organization of social classes in our country, trade unions, associations, cooperatives, seeking a balance between the formation of social groups and classes, again increased the importance of the concept of populism. Essentially, the Sivas Congress, then dominated in every area kılınmasına attention is given to the public, the administration adopted the principle in all areas to be addressed. In these, the public is not enough to come to the administration, the people at the same time, the material basis of populism that 'rights refahı'nın establishment has taken its place among the targets. Ataturk founded the republic in 1923, 'the Turkish nation, the public administration shall be administered by the republic,' he said. "
ÜNAY, 'public' and 'halkçılık'ın in handling the issue of what that meaning,' what is the people ', he said about the various comments. Prof. Dr. ÜNAY Jafar, "For example, in a sense, people, people of a country, landlords, entrepreneurs, workers, farmers cover them all. The second sense, the public, the most populous people in society, culture, people have taken at least a share, the lower layer is used to mean economically. The third in a sense, the public, that only a living human is a group of labor. But halkçılıkla in us the concept of class is different. Generally, populism, the peasants and workers for the benefit of their hands is regarded as an effort to maintain social order, "he said.
Prof. Dr. ÜNAY, history demonstrates not been seen populism in Europe, explaining the emergence of Russia after 1860, when there were no socialism in Russia, socialism, pruned, trimmed, watered-down form is emphasized. Populism, painful and hard to solve problems in societies with a drug to soften socialism, the social unity of those who want to ensure that language is an invention ÜNAY, "Populism, sprouted from the last period of the Ottoman Empire. However, flared, and the republic, Mustafa Kemal's Turkey was marked with, "he said.
Populism; Ataturk force, strength, sovereignty, was the presence of government in the hands of the people directly reflects the Professor. Dr. ÜNAY Jafar, "Without a doubt, the world's most powerful principle. Mustafa Kemal, not only about populism, has the same idea about revolutions. According to him the foundation of human revolution in public management. Everything is done with the people, will be made for the benefit of the people, will be made for the happiness of the people. Populism, the revolutionary is the meaning of the "opinion of Mr. Obama said. Halkçılığa, noted that those who have a meaning close to socialism ÜNAY, Atatürk that "Turkey will not be a Bolshevik. Because the Turkish Government's first aim is to give the public liberty and happiness' said the words reflect. ÜNAY, Ataturk's popular being 'man of the people' having played an important role, saying said that being away against imperialism, who are not in the popular.
"Populism in applied, whether it succeeded?" Prompts the question ÜNAY, "Tezatsız a class, Is composed of an undivided nation? When we look at it was not possible. Because the government still remains in the hands of a minority, there are reasons for that. 10 percent of the literate population of the Republic is established. Citizens are not literate, education has not, do not have the economic power has already been ruled out as a mathematical power to participate. In fact, the ideas of Ataturk and his friends constantly came to the fore more than a verb. Made before, and then tried to establish the theory. For him, this did not take place, "he said. ÜNAY said:
"So when we look at, how to interpret today's halkçılığını need? I think this is the first matter: fully functioning state of law, it must expand. Economic power, domination of political power to take, to affect, the orientation must be strictly prevented. Training should ensure that all the people. Need to ensure equality of opportunity. Will ensure justice in the distribution of national income. And the constitution of the social state principle of populism will see that the time spent in the legislature.
Economic power, political power is under the influence of all countries. One of the instruments of this media. It is necessary to be absolutely manic. This is populism. Otherwise, the exploitation of one another, butter is not possible. Populism today need to understand in this way. "
Speech İyibozkurt'un
"Ataturk statism" expressed his views on the lecturer, Prof. UU. Dr. Erol İyibozkurt also, one day before the "Kemalist Thought System" on the Rector, Prof. speaking. Dr. Mustafa joined Yurtkuran'ın opinion, he said. İyibozkurt, Ataturk's statism of social justice, social state, necessity, and seating on the foundations of the strategy by saving, "after the Republic of Turkey adopted the free market. The state did not intervene, the application of statism ever put under a market mechanism. Of course, here again, defects, deficiencies, deviations, and drawbacks emerge. By the 1930s, the market mechanism, because of these elements, in Europe, socialism, communism, such as the different developments in the world for the first time in a very special case 'Ataturk statism' brings us to what we call the model of state control, "he said.
2. After World War II in Europe and many countries around the world by the adopted model is applied to Atatürk's statism İyibozkurt describing this model can be applied in the United States after the war been made, he said. Prof. Dr. Erol İyibozkurt, said:
"When we came today, it said the world of globalization, free market oriented, leaving no matter statism, privatizations of state deniyor.Sosyal No matter what we call an intense way, a little dinosaur they say to us when you're talking about social statism. I do not think about this idea dinozorlukla today. When we refer to the social state, a positive approach, too, are making an approach noğmatik. That's right, we do approach to value judgments. When we look at the scientific aspects, is not possible to say many different things. Because today we see the free market one way or another was unable to complete the task. In this respect, I sense that the influx of the state. I, the completion of the free market by the government of this state's regulatory framework, I think should play a complementary role.
Free market, supply and demand come together, and all the resources distributed to all the areas where it is thought to result ultimately an effective market. This may be true, may be active. But, you left it the free market, do not intervene in time, Is it good for society? You need to inquire. In a free market everything mallaştırıp, fiyatlandırırsanız individuals and society is what happens? For example, buyers have to sell their bodies as women, so many people sell organs, extraction, or even sell their children, have the right price in the market in terms of their market as a result he is good to give birth? "
Turkey to go to a doctor on demand, to the public, but emphasizing that it is high İyibozkurt, "so people do not go to a doctor. In other words, Is this good? "He said. Professor gives an example from England. Dr. Erol İyibozkurt, in this country who want to go to university, a young girl sold her body was released through the internet has found a large interest in university administration in the face of this event, "This is the choice of his own. Because the young girl is one of the adults, "the statement was made, pointing out," Is this good for a free market. I do not want to turn into such a structure toplumumun education and the university. Suppose that all these respects. The shortcomings of the state at one point, failures, or even want to make this assessment. "
Date:
February 19, 2004
Information:
Prof. Uludag University faculty. Dr. ÜNAY and Prof. Jafar. Dr. Erol İyibozkurt'un "Science in the Light of Enlightenment Seminar" at the news of his speech.
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Higher Education in Turkey
June 6, 2009 by admin
Category Seminar , Higher Education
Assoc. Dr. Naji Cangül
Assoc. Dr. Cangül Naji, the early years of the republic darülfünuna (higher) is given greater importance to saving, is targeted by the opening of a faculty of Atatürk in almost every province, but it has not been realized due to some failure, he said. Some of the hardships that that era is still continuing today voicing Cangül, "these are exceeded, higher education in Turkey will find its proper place," he said. To strengthen the Grand Onder University was to provide a more modern professors from abroad in 1932, explaining that he had invited Cangül, 155 faculty members within the framework of the reforms, said 96 out from his post.
31 July 1933 issued by law No. 2252 that established the University of Istanbul, Istanbul, a day after the closing Darülfünun Assoc. Dr. Cangül, "which is just 1 of those days, the number of universities in Turkey rose to 76 today. This 40 state universities, the rest are private universities. Universities in Turkey as in the United States and European countries are supported by the state. However, this support is, therefore a large burden on the states. State, a team that can mitigate the burden of circuit charges stings, but this is not enough. In our country, private universities in recent years has been armed in order to overcome this distress. Increasing with each passing day the number of private universities, will be completely ruled out in the near future for education in Turkey, "he said.
AGE Dodger REFORMS
The reform of higher education in Turkey to live in a golden age that marked the beginning of 1933 Cangül, 1946, 1960, 1973 and 1981 years of the reforms carried out in universities, higher education institutions for the functioning of the bears even further emphasized. Cangül, "great care has been given to universities in our country since the 1970s. 1981 reform of the Tertiary, especially the provision of integrity gidilirken way, aimed to promote equality of opportunity for the realization of higher education institutions throughout the country. What will the package of reforms for universities in 2004, say, the answer will show you everything, "he said.
Graduation from university in Turkey is about 21-23 years of age Assoc. Dr. Naji Cangül, whereas in Europe for the preservation of quality is based on the age limit to 30, he said. Cangül, turn to the state because of the quality of applications, such as quotas in universities dropped by saving, "If you're learning in a classroom for 50 people instead of 30 people, the quality is not possible to capture already," he said.
EUA TRUTH
Preparing to enter the EU, stating that Turkey was attempting to eliminate the problems Cangül Tertiary Education, "There is possibility of free movement between EU countries Tertiary. English, trying to be brought into the world's main language. However, among the EU countries, almost all are disciples of the use of their native languages. Thus, in education, student mobility will be affected, "gave the views. Cangül, the EU issues in the education and recognition of diplomas also noted as a major problem would confront.
On March 31, 2001, the European University Association EUA established a short name describing the Assoc. Dr. Naji Cangül, EUA's 662 universities and 45 European countries, pointing that the rectors' council, the upper body, the basic principle EUA'da reported that targeted the establishment of the European Higher Education Area. EUA's activities in the field of "Socrates Program" Cangül Turkey says it is not included, "Our country is not included in this program, this program travels deprived of millions of dollars. However, more recently, the pilot universities in our country was chosen to take advantage of this program. Today, 3 students went abroad. It further expanding our universities, the number will increase even more, "he said.
UNIVERSITIES TECHNOPARK
Assoc. Dr. Naji Cangül, Turkey remained indifferent to the industrialists in the universities expressed interest, said:
"Unfortunately, our country, university-industry cooperation is not sufficient. However, thanks to techno-parks will be established in the near future look forward to the disappearance of this distress significantly. What is the techno-parks? Techno-parks, universities, businessmen on the basis of opening a business practice. So, sanayicimiz, business man will go to universities, where the production will. Adopting this, the industrialists and business people to pay taxes for 5 years. Here is the charm of the work. He will make the production of, and earn money, by the way college students to develop themselves in utilizing it. "
INTERNET UNIVERSITY
Cangül, global technology revolution has reached significant proportions stated in his speech, said the university is prepared to provide the training via the Internet. Education over the Internet, is now on campuses, teaching staff will not need to record a significant Assoc. Dr. Cangül Naji, "under the touch of a button millions of information comes to hand. Therefore, the Internet, universities, on the budgets of states, such as distress and destroy, will bring a great relief. What is this some relaxation? States, no longer rid itself of making the campus, staff education and training needed to never run as before, but the financial burden will be saved. In fact, many states in terms of universities item breathe easier, "he said.
Date:
March 2004
Information:
Assoc. Dr. Naji Cangül'ün "Science in the Light of Enlightenment Seminar" at the news of his speech.
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Enlightenment, Revolution in Turkey
Prof. Dr. Fugen Berkay
Mermutlu first speaker of the seminar, enlightenment movement began in Europe, Turkey, expressed his reflections. Asst. Assoc. Dr. Mermutlu Bakr, the 1789 French Revolution in Europe, the enlightenment movements emerged in the Ottoman Empire 2 Mahmut period starts and close the gap with the West were targeted.
Beginning of the new movement in the West began to take delivery of all about his life beyond the military fronts Mermutlu, "however, aware of the exact state level has been reached in the west after the change, 2 Mahmut to close the gap between us and the West imposed a series of reform, legal reform by the tanzimata prepare for, force, and should be considered in its effect is much more important, "he said.
For Ottoman Enlightenment, thought not as a result of innovation, 19 Suddenly, from outside in the middle of the century an idea was born as a product of vaccine Mermutlu saying, "But of course the Ottoman enlightenment giriştiğinde evaluated in terms of principles, to show resistance to turning to him, did not find significant. Since we consider the main artery of the Enlightenment philosophy of law, of course, contrary to common presumptions of political and social strata of the Ottoman Empire in the find can easily zorlanmamıştır. Even up to this incomparable comfort ahead of the western world, "he said.
Which announcing the implementation of the Tanzimat and the state, despite the important steps taken by enterprise-wide path of Westernization, the next generation confrontation şanssızlığından kurtulamadığını voicing Asst. Assoc. Dr. Mermutlu Bakr, the first step taken by the world of politics, whereas Şinasi lead duties of patience and endurance shown by proving the existence of the realm of politics in Turkey today plays an important role to achieve ettirecek merits, he said. Sinasi Tanzimat intellectuals organized the best the world of ideas as their own revolution, defining Mermutlu, "Sinasi, yanlısıydı an indescribable enlightenment and civilization. Sinasi and come out of the intellectuals, many more years of the Tanzimat era of political awareness of our thoughts and our world would continue without a steady "gave the views. Sinasi issued newspaper, an increased interest towards the conclusion of the western world, the formation of a new share thoughts emphasizing that it is fed by a generation of young Mermutlu, this generation of some of the cornerstones of Namik Kemal, Ziya Abu Tevfik, and Ali Agah Efendi Suavi said.
Prof. Dr. Fugen Berkay, the enlightenment movement in the Ottoman Empire was limited by specifying the boundaries of the country, it is very important has changed dramatically after 1923, a generation grew up, he said.
Reform movements, which are based on survival of the state, "What do we remain alive, and get rid of the" question, a team to survive and thrive in the face of severe storms brought by the terms of the intellectual world that expresses dayandırılamadığını Berkay provider basis, "By 1908, the Enlightenment movement, but we see the emergence of a generation of young , the state has run out. 1 in 1914 Especially during the Battle of Gallipoli during World War II, and he does not see that a significant proportion of the younger generation. Therefore, staff has been very limited in the hands of Ataturk. And it worked, and has been achieved without a major revolution in the bicycle frame, "he said.
What about the resources back to enlightenment götürülsün taken to the movement and speed of the 1923 revolution, has won the distinction of being encompassed in describing the Professor. Dr. Berkay Fugen, said:
"In this period, the basic result of three major striking; war of independence against imperialism, against the government in a democratic society tebadan output and the citizen, Ummet revival of the nation. Beyond the collisions are witnessing a transformation. Almost mandatory as a result of the rear face of the industrial revolution, in 1914, 1 Despite all the reform efforts of the World War I, mainly for economic empowerment and social change gerçekleşemediği, a Turkish mausoleum gelişemeden take on modernism in the community, the peasantry in the Ottoman government collapsed for the same reason değişemeden, and life along the Ottoman Empire was taken in this war. "
The loss of large numbers of young intellectuals during the war the country to receive large pulses caused by shooting wounds voicing Berkay, the social profile of the population in this period, especially in economically depressed, said that agriculture was seen as his life was completely destroyed. In this period, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the accumulation of all these pains and partial reform movement and the power of his genius began to reflect on the social history as a portrait of Prof. says. Dr. Berkay, "At this point, Ataturk, the foundation of a modernization and renewal of the enlightenment and the will to become the architect of the revolution with a social portrait. For this reason, very difficult conditions, and impossibilities of the Liberation War, not only political and military struggle. But on the other hand, the War of Independence, during the war that exists within and outside of an assembly of a new community project, it also carries the distinction of being a forum for national debate. What makes this different than the wars of liberation War of Independence, the other is a very important issue, "he said.
Although the source of the western Enlightenment, today it has become a universal power over the recording Berkay, stressed the great importance of education in this respect. Turkey 21 century, much has taken important steps towards industrialization in a country that gelindiğini Berkay, said in summary:
"But the pain of this process of change and live in the 50 years. Today the world is a very sensitive örülüdür communication network. We are in the communication network. Individuals and society are affected by various degrees of recognition, and affected the results of these perceptions are living in any size. In the 1960s, especially in Germany, the population growth rate stands almost started to labor in industrialized countries. You need a trained workforce in other countries followed the well-being in rich countries. The current work force, especially towards the industrialized countries, has brought together some of the many problems other than economic benefits. This also represents a new dimension of social life. Easily carry the current population of our country's natural resources well enough organized and trained manpower, the bottom-up to the 1950 sürebilmiş mobilization of education as a gelebilseydi grown, largely solved the problems and would have been exceeded. "
Date:
March 2004
Information:
Prof. Dr. Berkay Fugen, and Asst. Assoc. Dr. Bakr Mermutlu'nun "Science in the Light of Enlightenment Seminar" at the news of their conversation.
