Consumer Rights and the Press

One of the features they have in common is that consumer. Goal of all marketing and human efforts aimed at consumers and consumers' satisfaction. Faced by the seller with the buyer in the market, the price that determines the sequence of conditions, such as the demand for a commodity or service has several meanings. Marketing the market, the demand for a commodity or service is used, and the goods or services in terms of today's consumers and potential consumers of the future include (Mucuk, 1987: 59).
Consumer; individual wants and needs to fix the product, price, promotion and distribution of marketing components, including the natural person who buys or has the capacity to purchase. When you buy a consumer product or service advertised his side, packaging, delivery and payment terms, quality, warranty, or even the image is also purchased. Therefore, the analysis of market opportunities, especially in markets and consumer markets is the starting point. Consumer market of goods and services purchased for personal or family consumption or purchasing capacity, which is made up of individuals. Globalization and the development of communication technologies, consumers living in different countries, and ways of life that share the same desire to make the citizens of the world, in other words, the convergence of national and international markets, the global consumer market rather than the expression of the consumer market also leads to the use of the expression (Single, 1999:184 -186).
The concept of consumer recipient, concepts such as customer due to be dealt with in a different way, consumers are obliged to request goods and services as required for their survival, their knowledge, experience and the sellers who are more powerful in terms of the economic situation is that a weaker position in the face. Consumers have a weak market position, market conditions and not know how the rights, the rights can call for further reliance on the mechanisms, these mechanisms are too slow to process and power sellers are often situations in which consumers them stop in their favor due to a difficult situation by using the consumer. Therefore, consumers are protected under the general provisions and the provisions of the different concepts of the recipient and customer is a complementary need for protection of the team emerged with the new regulations (Atasoy et al., 2000:9). However, consumer policy, although the basic condition for the legal and organizational structure, trained and informed about their rights and responsibilities is not possible to achieve success with consumers (Kavas, 1991: 65).
2. Consumer Rights
The basic starting point in determining the objectives of consumer policy, consumer rights and responsibilities. U.S. President's historic speech to Congress in 1962 JFKennedy'nin emphasis on consumer rights movement has gained momentum with the consumer protection (Gole, 1983: 13-14, Leo, 1996: 19). In 1975, the European Community has adopted five basic consumer rights. Basic consumer rights, consumers' right to protection of health and life security, the right to protect the economic interests of consumers, the consumer's right to be compensated, with the right to consumer information and consumer education as a right to be represented in the organization and can be sorted (Single, 2001: 66). Later, these five In addition to the consumer the right to "the right to live in a healthy environment" has also been adopted (Loudon and DellaBitta, 1988: 702, Leo, 1996: 46, Atasoy et al., 2000: 21-22).
In 1986, the European Community, "Consumer Protection Program Gaining Speed ​​Program", revised and consumer rights, the International Organization of Consumer Unions by the eight consumer rights were universal. Today, these rights are recognized, basic needs are met, right, right to health and safety, the right selection of goods and services freely, the right to information, trained right, the right to compensation for damages, the right to a voice and the right to a healthy environment. These rights included the right to later complain about the ninth as a right. (Ferman, 1993: 12, State Planning Organization, 2001: 29, Babaoğul and Altiok, 2007: 28).
Basic needs are met, the right: enough to sustain the lives of all consumers of food, clothing, shelter, health and cleanliness of benefit rights (SPO, 2001: 29).
Health and safety rights: the consumer to purchase goods and services in order to survive and use a variety of state. Goods and services purchased prior to use, during and after use to avoid damage to the health and safety of consumers. Product safety a top priority for consumers. The consumer has the right to request to take measures in this regard the concerned parties. This is particularly a cutting edge remedial measures are taken against the adverse side effects caused by the great losses, it has become important. Consumers' right to health and safety is guaranteed by the constitution (Ferman, 1993: 13, Sheehy et al., 1998: 374, Atasoy et al., 2000: 23-24).
Selecting the right to free goods and services of consumers in a market that is dominated by competition among the various goods and services able to do self-determination includes selection by using (SPO, 2001: 30).
Information rights: the right choice of consumer goods and services in order to make accurate and adequately informed about the deceptive and misleading advertising, labeling, packaging, aydınlatılmalarını covers to protect the economic interests and damages (SPO, 2001: 7). What goods and services purchased by the consumer, need to know what works, and how long (Atasoy et al., 2000: 28).
Trained the right of consumers to become responsible and informed consumer refers to the rights of common and trained in formal educational institutions (SPO, 2001: 30).
The right to indemnification for Losses: Consumers in the market to ensure the quality of goods and services, and performs the most natural right to receive payment is fully paid off. Deceptive and misleading advertising under the protection of economic interests of consumers, consumer loans, installment sales, defective goods and services, come to the fore issues such as promotional sales (Leo, 1996: 83, Atasoy et al., 2000: 24). In case of defective goods and services purchased, for any damage caused by faults in meeting the "right to compensation of damages" is within the scope (SPO, 2001: 30).
The right of voice: with the rights and interests of consumers, directly or indirectly related to decisions taken by institutions and organizations, to participate in the regulations; must publicize and sounds of these organizations to be represented. Organizations to give voice to consumers is an important requirement (Gole, 1983: 20). Consumer organizations in the promotion and protection of consumer rights is thought to have a very important function.
The right to live in a healthy environment: also referred to as the right to protection from environmental hazards. The right to live in a healthy environment, a subdivision of the right environment. There is an important relationship between the environment and the right to life. Environmental rights such as freedom of consumption, just a continuation of the right to life. Considered among the essential rights of the consumer of this right can be used effectively is directly related to consumer awareness and education (Topçuoğlu, 1998: 53, Atasoy et al., 2000: 26-27).
The right of complaint: Consumer right to complain about being born without any consequences encounters, the complaint submitted to the relevant authorities or institutions arayabilmektedir solution (Babaoğul and Altiok, 2007: 32).
2.1. Consumer Rights and Consumer Education
Consumer education, a society of individuals making rational and informed consumer, and even prepared to be citizens, and includes educational programs and tools that form part of the general education policy (Kavas, 1991: 64, Leo, 1996: 45-46). Consumer education, consumers will use the financial resources in a rational way in the marketplace and the individual providing the information that will satisfy the needs of the current economic and personal resources and desire, which could make enough to consider the thought, understanding, information and education is defined as a process.
The main objectives of consumer education, consumers understand their own value system, to develop decision making skills, market knowledge and assessment of alternatives, the satisfaction of the purchasing process, to ensure the rights and responsibilities of the Court to hold the consciousness of (DPT, 2001: 7). Consumer education on the effects of the individual and society is difficult to achieve in the short term "consumer education" programs, consumer behavior, as an effect on companies' marketing practices and public policies can lead to major changes. Consumer education programs, the success of the learning characteristics of the target group, and the appropriate message to these features depends on the measurement of the effectiveness of training programs and efforts to develop (Kavas, 1991: 67, 69.71).
Consumer education to take place within the context of the universal consumer rights issues are as follows:
The right to basic needs are met: Basic needs, efficient use of resources
Health and safety rights: the use of the product, and consumption of care, wellness, evaluation of the label information
Selecting the right to free goods and services: Decision-making skills, market functioning, market research
The right to information: the reliability of information sources, the ability to assess information regarding the products and services
Trained right: the formal and informal education programs
Right to compensation of damages: the rights of exploration, to demand compensation for damages
Heard right: the importance of Organizing, take ownership of problems, to support the consumer in the foreground holding companies
The right to live in a healthy environment: the use of natural resources, environment-production-consumption balance, sense of social responsible consumption, future generations of thinking
The right of complaint: Making a complaint about our products and services
Notification of Rights and Consumer 2.2.Tüketici
Consumer information, consumer goods and services on the market is fully informed about the nature and means that the manufacturer-dealer installed and some of these responsibilities is being sought (Aslan, 1996: 45). This concept is the consumer market, the purchase of goods and services and use of information and tips will help you picture, with text and shapes can be defined as given. Consumer information can be handled in the macro and micro level. Macro information is significant is that the design, production and should reach the consumer. In terms of exposure to micro consumer information, the information is important to correctly detect and use the information when needed. Knowledge by the consumer in terms of comprehensibility, the language used is of great importance to be understood. In developed countries, the comparative product tests, informative information such as labeling and quality marks referenced methods (Kavas, 1991: 63, 66).
Be granted within the scope of consumer rights issues in the process of informing the consumer as exemplified:
The right to basic needs are met: the economic choices, discount sales, installment sales
Health and safety rights: Product information, expiration date, informative labeling, warning statements
Selecting the right to free goods and services: purchasing criteria, comparative product testing, quality and standardization marks
The right to information: Brand, model and price information, label information, cautionary statements, shelf life, warranty terms, service opportunities
Trained right: easy access to consumer education programs, different programs of study options
The right to indemnification for Losses: Complaints submitted to the units, contracts
Heard right: social awareness, consumer organizations, membership, consumer issues
The right to live in a healthy environment: scarce resources, environmental pollution, creating products and packaging, eco-friendly products and packaging, waste management
The right of complaint: Complaints bodies application may be made

2.3. Consumer Rights and Consumer Protection
Consumer protection in the contemporary sense, the emergence of consumer rights and these rights have been obtained with taking into consideration the arrangements. Consumer law, as a result of the economic and social developments are insufficient to protect consumers resulting from the classical laws of a new branch of law (Leo, 1996: 40-43, Atasoy et al., 2000: 15-16). Until the 1950s the early days of the Republic applied a policy of development priority, the arrangements for consumer protection has been neglected. Development plan was prepared in 1970 for the first time as a legal consumer protection has been mentioned. In 1971, under the leadership of the Ministry of Commerce organized a symposium "activities related to consumer protection regulation for the trade of goods and services on the draft law" was prepared. In 1975, "the draft law on trade regulation and consumer protection, in 1981," the draft law on consumer protection and regulation of commercial activities, "came up. 172 of the Constitution of 1982 As regards the protection of consumers in article "The State shall take measures to protect and inform consumers, encourages initiatives to protect consumers themselves," the statement given. Draft laws on consumer protection in the years 1983 and 1984, prepared and submitted to parliament, but not passed into law. The most important development on consumer protection, which was prepared in 1995 by the Ministry of Industry and Trade 4077, "Consumer Protection Law" came into force on September 8, 1995 s. In 2003, "Consumer Protection" in the context of harmonization with European Union legislation has been amended (Private et al., 2007: 49). Adopted by Parliament on March 6, 2003 Consumer Protection Law No. 4822 came into force on September 14, 2003 (TRKGM, 2005). This law expanded the rights provided to consumers by the time the current problems encountered in the preparation of a new bill raises. A new draft law on the agenda of the parliament (Babaoğul and Altiok, 2007: 40).
To take place within the scope of consumer protection Consumer rights-topics are as follows:
The right to basic needs are met: presence in the market of products and services, to meet the needs of all individuals to have income levels, employment opportunities,
Health and safety rights: the legal arrangements that will minimize the risks associated with accidents, legal limits
Selecting the right to free goods and services: Unfair competition prevention, measures to support competition, deceptive and misleading ads for the measures, measures against deceptive and misleading labels
The right to information: the ads inspection, the burden of proof regarding the allegations, the accuracy of information control and Intelligibility
Trained right: Formal support for consumer education, consumer education to support widespread
Right to compensation of damages: compensation for losses related to the legislative measures of consumer
The right of voice: Consumer organizations supporting
The right to live in a healthy environment: measures for environmental protection, social responsibility, ethical approaches
The right of complaint: Consumer laws and regulations, with the support of the right to complain
3. Media Consumer Rights
Turkey, neoliberalism, met with the decisions of January 24, foregrounds the notion of re-structuring of consumption. Diversity of products, new brands entering the market, has become a rising value of consumption to raise the debate over consumer rights. Informed about their rights and responsibilities of consumers, as well as strengthening the market position, increase the success of consumer education and protection activities in-order to function effectively in the market economy is thought to be important. The basic responsibility of informing people and the press to raise community awareness of consumers is of the utmost importance to achieve accurate and adequate information.
The press, which is necessary for the fulfillment of needs and solve social problems and can not be achieved by way of formal education has an impact on knowledge and skill in winning. Subjects required knowledge, skills and behavior, to gain basic rights and responsibilities of teaching, the media are among the most important tasks. (Gurdal, 2004:2).
Protection of consumer rights in the Eighth Five-Year Development Plan focuses on the importance of the press. Prepared with the participation of various sections of society, "Consumer Protection Special Commission Report" of the "Consumer Education, Informing and Organizing" section of the radio and television programs, printed publications, with an emphasis on advertising and ads, "Tasks" in the creation of the corners of the consumer media organs under solutions to the problems and consumer readers, viewers and listeners publicize the results of research and investigation regarding the products and services mentioned the importance of the disclosure impartially (DPT, 2001:17-18)
The globalization of consumer culture in the media to inform consumers, teaching, and has undertaken a behavior known routing function. The importance of the realization of this function is increasing with the concept of social responsibility. However, instead of bringing the function of the form of available reviews. Criticism, fueled by the media consumption, single-sided, mandatory and guiding the public to prevent the formation of a healthy form of communication in the press, the usage of self-determination of consumers under the guidance of the ads, consumption is rising, and often perceived as a value or yanıltıldıkları aldatıldıkları focus points (Odabaşı, 2004 : 114). Whether open and direct, if implicit and indirect messages that get the wrong mental conduct will cause advertisements may contain elements (Büyükkantarcıoğlu ,2007:112-113). At this point, both the advertiser and the advertising broadcast media have responsibility to act ethically in terms of consumer rights.
3.1.Görsel Media Consumer Rights
Consumer rights on issues relating to visual media, for the first time in 1983 by Meral Tamer, the Republic have been mentioned. Meral Tamer with his team searched for the solution of consumer problems, Milliyet, then continued to work on the subject. However, in recent years, issues related to macro economics in the corner has more. Ahmet Vardar, before the morning and then Vatan'daki corner of complaints referred to him and tried to protect consumers live action events. Ahmet Vardar, media representatives and other uses are divided into style. Consumer writings Akşam'da wrote a term Cemile Varol. Esen Evran Sabah, consumer problems, writes in the subject. Erkan Celebi, Hürriyet "Consumer Erkan brother," has called in the corner of the consumer problems. Erkan Chalabi is seen as a priority for issues relating to the economy lately. Fatma Cumhuriyet Kosar, Huseyin Sumer Zaman, Senol Tercüman'da Gezer, Umit Sonmez Vakit'te articles about consumers attach importance to the corners. In addition, Yalcin Bayer Hürriyet, Radikal Fatih Özatay, Mahfi rigid and Baran Tuncer, Filiz Cicek Bil Sabah, New Dawn Kürşat Bumin, Gungor Uras, Milliyet and Hurşit Sun, Zaman Günseli Ocakoğlu'nun Ozen he wrote articles about consumer rights and consumer protection have been identified.
National newspapers, in addition to the corners are found similar in local newspapers. For example, published in Bursa Aygör Olay'da Ayse, "USA Football News", Bursa Hakimiyet'te, Erdal essence "Erdal Abi" corners of the consumer-related issues are discussed. Bursa in 1998, 2000, Elif Sezgin, "Print Media Consumer Corner" category was awarded the Ministry of Industry. Sovereignty of the newspaper name later changed to Bursa in 2000, the Consumer Rights Protection Association Rose won with ease consumer corner.
Turkey's first consumer publication, "Consumer Magazine" was published in Ankara in 1988. Publications since 1990 and continues his life. Consumer Organizations and consumer issues with Summit magazine, November 2007, entering the new restructuring process, universities and non-governmental organizations, and "Consumer Academy" which has created. "Consumer Report Magazine," the reach of all consumers, and be the voice of consumers is a journal that aims to strengthen communication between the interested parties.
3.2.İşitsel / Audiovisual Media Consumer Rights
No. 4077, "Consumer Protection" s 20th Article in the "consumer education and awareness programs, and procedures for the regulation of radio and television, the Consumer Council on the principles and procedures shall be determined and announced by the Ministry with the proposal" is the expression. Ministry of Industry and Trade, "Radio and television consumers, educational institutions, enlightening and informative programs for publication" to include a communication on. In this context, was the obligation to broadcast radio and television consumers to informative, 1% of transmission time transmission time per week for less than broadcaster can not be expected to be between 07:00 to 23:00 and programs to reach target audiences (TRKGM: 2001/02).
In the past, Meral Tamer and Ahmet Vardar prepared television programs on the consumer. Today, the three programs to address consumer audio and visual media attention. TRT also published two "Programme Area willing to settle for Satan" is commonly reaches an audience. Processed in the current consumer issues each week, the mouth of the inhabitants lived consumer stories "you can not live I lived with the title" is being expressed. Channel B, published "Them Tüketmek Program" too many questions and problems concerning consumers live with expert guests and create solutions working to find answers. SKY TV broadcast "Conscious Consumer" by consumer-related issues for three hours in the program are discussed.
"Consumer Magazine" At STAR, including TRT, Audio, SHOW TV, and consumer awareness programs for Channel 7 is broadcasting organizations, such as. In addition, representatives of consumer organizations participating in television programs are known under different titles. Consumer organizations participate in the program's web pages give details about their presentations.
Radio programs are included with the consumers. In some periods FM Istanbul, Istanbul Life Radio, TESK Radio, Marmara FM, Manisa, FM, FM channels such as the Army with their programs have been prioritized.
4. CONCLUSION
With consumer protection laws, but it is possible to educate and inform about the rights and responsibilities. Informing the consumer education and consumer policies of developed countries, while the emphasis is on efforts aimed at the protection of consumers in developing countries. In addition, consumers in developed countries, society's political, technological, social and economic problems to deal with the macro level, and they have a voice to the stage, the consumer movement in developing countries are not organized or observed that many new efforts to be organized.
From the perspective of Turkey, the effectiveness of consumer policy is an important step for the removal of the Law on the Protection of Consumers. However, educating and informing consumers about consumer protection, depending on success of the studies should not forget that. In recent years, increasing the effectiveness of non-governmental organizations related to consumers, consumer confidence in winning and pleasing to the consumer to be successful in guiding development.
Press in our country, consumer protection, education and played a very important role in informing. Initially, the corners of the European Union countries, specially devoted to the different newspapers, consumer issues, consumer problems resolved through the corners and consumers informed about their solutions. Today, the economy, the subject pages of newspapers in a similar way to European Union countries, or columnists, depending on the agenda are discussed in the columns.
Radio and television organizations in some consumer protection, education, and made important studies in terms of informing, but most of the duration and time of the publication of non-compliance with the relevant regulations, the contents of publications are özenilmediği. At this point the responsibility for the detection and the control mechanism is thought to be related problems. In general, media and consumer relations were considered, to avoid repressive approaches and the router, which broadcasts messages, not to consumption becomes an end in itself, should not be overlooked, especially in advertising, such as ethical principles are the expectations. The press should take more responsibility for creating a healthy public opinion is considered.

Information: Professor at the Faculty of Gazi University Faculty of Communication. Dr. Ozgen Özlen on 31 May 2008 the "Consumer rights and press the" seminar.

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